How Visualization and Spatial Analysis Support Vaccination in Jakarta
Written by Hansen Wiguna, Clarissa Febria Finola, Ayu Andika, and Awidya Firdaus Sahararini
Indonesia’s priority in combating COVID-19 is to get as many people vaccinated as possible in order to achieve herd immunity.
The Indonesian government has made a tangible move by issuing Presidential Regulation No. 99 of 2020, which regulates:
- the procurement of COVID-19 Vaccine
- the implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination
- the funding for the aforementioned procurement and implementation of the COVID-19 Vaccine
- the support and facilitation of the ministries, governmental institutions, and regional governments in the process of vaccination
Yet all these seem to not be enough with the virus continuous mutation in several regions of the world — which eventually reached Indonesia — and the citizens’ negligence in tightly upholding the health protocol and participating in the nation-wide vaccination program.
The Government is Stepping Up The Effort
In response to Indonesia’s dire COVID-19 situation, the President on February 9, 2021 stipulated Presidential Regulation No. 14 of 2021 which sharpens the instructions and the sanctions following the implementation of the vaccination program. Some points of change that were emphasized here are as follow:
- Everyone who has been designated as the target recipient of the COVID-19 Vaccine based on data collection done by the Ministry of Health must take part in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program
- Everyone who has been designated as the target recipient of the COVID-19 Vaccine who does not participate in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program may be subjected to administrative sanctions, which take the form of:
a. cessation of the social aid (Bantuan Langsung Tunai/BLT, etc.)
b. termination of government administration services (Citizen ID Card/KTP, etc.)
c. fine
Jakarta’s Role Aligns with the Central Government
Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia leads and sets an example in technological implementation in supporting the central government’s initiative. The Department of Communication, Information, and Statistics under the Jakarta Provincial Government has set up a website, mobile application, and dashboard visualization to ease and support the vaccination program implementation.
Some features in the digital presentation provide information regarding vaccination, regional vaccination coverage, vaccination quota in Jakarta’s medical facilities, and region-based vaccination mapping.
1. Information Regarding Vaccinations
Provides the necessary vaccination-related information accessible on the official DKI Jakarta vaccination website in response to COVID-19, which entail explanations related to vaccines — why they should be vaccinated, who can be vaccinated, vaccination priorities, vaccine side effects, etc.
2. Regional Vaccination Coverage
This dashboard shows the distribution and trend of coverage of the first dose of vaccination per sub-district (Kecamatan). The basic principle in creating the dashboard is to visualize the data in order to help users better capture and understand the data. Furthermore, it may help stakeholders in their decision-making.
There are four visualizations contained in this dashboard, namely the distribution map, the accumulation table, the daily coverage bar chart, and the detailed graph of achievement of dose-1 vaccination per sub-district per day.
- The map depicts the distribution of dose-1 vaccination spatially per sub-district. Spatial visualization eases users to view the areas with the highest percentage of vaccination coverage through color gradations.
- The table shows the cumulative number of vaccination coverage per sub-district, along with the total target and the percentage/ratio of accumulated coverage to the total target.
- Bar chart of daily vaccination coverage. Time-series information helps monitor the consistency of vaccination coverage.
- As an operational dashboard, it also provides daily target monitoring for each sub-district area.
3. Vaccination Quota of Jakarta’s Medical Facility
Citizens may utilize this vaccination quota dashboard to view quotas from health facilities (puskesmas/RSUD) prior to registering through the JAKI application. Beside displaying the schedule and quota of health facilities, users may also view information on registrant trends via JAKI, along with health facilities with the most registrants.
The benefits of this vaccination quota dashboard include:
- the public/citizens, informative knowledge on quotas and schedules of available health facilities.
- government/field officers, relevance to the Regional Apparatus Organizations (Organisasi Perangkat Dearah), namely the health department or field officers who anticipate the overflow of registrants in health facilities, to increase the attention in handling the implementation of vaccination.
Data flow process
- The preparation of master data quota and vaccination schedule for each health facility obtained from the Health Department team
- The storage of vaccination registrant (via JAKI) data in a database in Postgre SQL
- The preparation of a set of queries that produce data required for visualization
- Cronjob and scheduling the script via Airflow every 30 minutes. We use python script and google sheet API library
- The utilization of Google Data Studio (GDS) as visualization tools (free version can refresh from data source every 15 minutes, the fastest)
- Voila! The public dashboard will update and give latest information
4. Region-Based Vaccination Mapping
The making of this area-based information map is supported by The Department of Human Settlements, Spatial Planning, and Land Authority (Dinas Cipta Karya dan Tata Ruang/Citata). Citata is the official department who has an expertise in spatial analysis. Citata uses ESRI ArcGIS in building spatial maps and visualization.
There are the 2 types of maps created:
1. Village-based Vaccination Mapping
The information provided displays:
- total vaccination data per village (Kelurahan)
- the vaccination data for 1ˢᵗ dose and 2ⁿᵈ dose per village
- the segregation of priorities for vaccination recipients (health workers, elderly, public servants, etc.)
2. RT (Rukun Tetangga)-Based Vaccination Mapping
Its principle is similar to the village-based vaccination mapping, only showing it at a more detailed level, that is up to the RT level. This detailed map display is very much needed, especially for the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and Indonesian National Police (POLRI) who assist in monitoring and controlling the spread of COVID-19 in each region. The implementation of vaccination has been monitored and supported by the TNI since the beginning and still is to this day.
Final Thoughts
Despite many aspects that are open to improvements, the handling of COVID-19 carried out by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government since the beginning of 2020 has provided various valuable lessons for every involving party.
In the vaccination implementation, we learn:
- implementation of data-based policy: Stakeholders have implemented evidence-based policy by utilizing data to decide and take further actions. Visualization, spatial analysis, and data analysis are utilized to give further recommended actions. For instance, from the spatial analysis and region-based vaccination mapping, TNI may focus on prioritized vaccination areas to help accelerate the vaccination process in specific areas.
- collaboration is the key: Different departments such as The Department of Communication, Information, and Statistics, The Health Department, and The Department of Human Settlements, Spatial Planning, and Land Authority are working together with ‘gotong royong’ spirit in implementing this vaccination program. Various parties take roles in contributing and helping each other according to their own expertise which require good coordination and communication.
You definitely want this Covid-19 pandemic to end soon, right? Let’s be part of the fight to end the pandemic by following the Covid-19 vaccination program. Register yourself via the JAKI application or the Jakarta Respond Covid-19 website for freedom to choose a place and schedule for vaccination.
This article was written by Hansen Wiguna (Business Analyst & Lead Sub-Team), Clarrisa Febria Finola (Data Analyst), Ayu Andika (Data Analyst), and Awidya Firdaus Sahararini (Data Analyst) from Jakarta Smart City, Data and Analytics Team. Edited by Siti Sarah Sofyaningrat from Jakarta Smart City. All of the opinion written in this article is personal and didn’t represent Jakarta Smart City or DKI Jakarta Provincial Government point of view.
